Recent development of seismic source and hazard maps of Indonesia for earthquake resistant design

Overview

The seismicity of Indonesia is well known, as seen in maps of recorded earthquakes. The consequences of strong earthquakes are seen only too often, resulting in damage to buildings and other structures, as well as associated effects such as tsunamis, liquefaction and large landslides.  A vital component of any earthquake design code is the seismic hazard zoning or map, which defines the predicted intensity of ground shaking, normally as acceleration, dependent on location.  Seismic hazard maps for Indonesia date back to 1940, with updates made from time-to-time.  Major improvements were made in the 2010 update to the seismic code, based on a detailed hazard analysis relating recorded and historical earthquake records to tectonic and geological features.  This resulted in a more detailed seismic hazard map, highlighting areas of especially high risk, such as the west coast of Sumatra, Central Sulawesi and Papua.

The Indonesian seismic design code has been further updated since 2010, with the latest version in published 2024.  An important update in the recent releases of the code has been further refinement and improvement of the seismic hazard mapping, which now includes the effect of different return periods as well as providing components to permit the development of design response spectra.  Codes now cover specific requirements for the design of buildings, bridges, underground structures and dams.