8 types of digital technology shaping the future of engineering

The digital revolution is transforming civil engineering, reshaping how we design, construct, and manage infrastructure.

From AI-driven automation to the rise of digital twins, embracing innovation can ensure our work as engineers is more resilient and sustainable.

These technologies can enable us to make smarter decisions and predictions, boost efficiency in our work, and even increase safety in the industry.

Below are some of the most prominent ones:

1. Building information modelling (BIM)

BIM enables engineers to create digital representations of physical structures.

Engineers can simulate, analyse, and optimise designs in real-time, which reduces errors, minimises waste, and boosts collaboration.

At Hinkley Point C, BIM plays a key role in constructing nuclear reactors.

It’s helping contractors BYLOR with the design process and providing real-time access to 3D models and documents.

This streamlines communication between teams, as project data and regulatory requirements can be transparently shared with everyone.

This ensures all stakeholders stay aligned, enabling them to detect any non-conformities early and maintain records that show they comply with nuclear quality standards.

2. Digital twins and Internet of Things (IoT)

Similarly, digital twins create virtual replicas of physical assets, allowing engineers to monitor real-time data via IoT sensors. This enables proactive maintenance and operational efficiency.

In South Korea, digital twins and IoT are helping optimise wind farm operations. Integrating real-time sensor data with machine learning models results in:

• Better power generation forecasting
• Less downtime
• Improved renewable energy production

3. AI and machine learning

AI is transforming how infrastructure is monitored and maintained.

Machine learning algorithms predict failures, optimise material use, and improve construction processes.

For example, AI-powered structural health monitoring (SHM) is used on the Forth Road Bridge, analysing sensor data to detect stress, strain, and vibrations.

This predictive maintenance approach prevents failures, improves safety, and reduces repair costs.

4. Drones

Drones have redefined how we conduct site surveys and inspections. Equipped with LiDAR (light detection and ranging) and thermal cameras, drones are accurate and efficient.

For the HS2 project in the UK, drones surveyed large areas, monitored environmental impacts, and inspected hard-to-reach structures. This reduced survey times and costs.

5. Augmented and virtual reality (AR and VR)

AR and VR are improving project planning and collaboration in engineering. AR overlays digital models onto physical spaces, while VR offers immersive project walkthroughs.

Balfour Beatty, a UK construction company, uses AR and VR for site planning and worker training, reducing costly design clashes and improving safety.

6. Automation and robotics

Automation in construction streamlines workflows, improves precision, and reduces human mistakes.

AI-powered robotics are helping workers complete tasks faster and more accurately.

For example, the Koppel Bridge replacement project used an autonomous rebar-tying robot. It tied 1,000 intersections per hour, cutting labour hours, and speeding up project timelines by 34%.

7. 3D printing

3D printing has revolutionised how we fabricate building components, reducing waste and allowing for complex designs.

The MX3D Bridge in Amsterdam is a prime example. It’s a fully 3D-printed stainless steel pedestrian bridge built using robotic arms with welding torches, eliminating traditional formwork.

8. Blockchain technology

Using blockchain in construction can improve data security, project transparency, and efficiency.

Smart contracts automate payments and track materials, reducing delays and fraud.

HS2’s blockchain-based procurement system has improved supply chain efficiency, cutting payment processing times by 50-60%.

Overcoming challenges in digital transformation

Despite the benefits, digital transformation in civil engineering faces many challenges, such as:

• High implementation costs
• Resistance to change
• Data security concerns
• The need to upskill the workforce

To address these challenges, the industry must:

• Invest in digital literacy training
• Adopt open data standards
• Foster a culture of innovation

The future of our industry depends on a collective effort to adopt emerging technologies, share knowledge, and drive meaningful change.

I encourage ICE members to get involved. Whether that’s through knowledge-sharing platforms, research initiatives, or digital training programmes, every contribution moves us closer to a smarter, more sustainable future.