The paper builds on ICE’s previous work into reducing the gap between project cost estimates and outturns, which outlined the need for a broader approach to project procurement that better captures benefits.
The paper provides:
- Insight into how costs and benefits are currently appraised in the UK
- An overview of the challenges in assessing long-term project outcomes
- Examples of how different international governments appraise the benefits and costs of infrastructure projects
- An outline of emerging thinking and potential future trends into alternative project appraisal approaches
The paper was informed by ICE Fellows and other experts based both in the UK and internationally.
Civil engineering insights into alternative ways of appraising infrastructure procurement
Content type: Policy
You may also be interested in@headerSize>

- Type
- Webinar
Climate change and urban flooding: why we fail to manage water in the built environment
Explore the growing challenges of water management, including urban flooding, declining public trust and climate pressures. Learn about the barriers to implementation and discover why we need more industry-wide reflection on effective, scalable solutions.

- Type
- Infrastructure blog
Can AI help keep major infrastructure projects alive?
The UK’s infrastructure challenge is also a continuity challenge, writes ICE Policy Fellow Dr Samer Ali.

- Type
- Awards and competitions
‘Show others what can be achieved’: ICE’s Fellowship campaign shortlisted for national award
The ICE Connects: Women in Fellowship network is up for a prize at the 2026 Inspiring Women in Construction and Engineering Awards.